MRCOG Part 1 Subject Guide

MRCOG Part 1: Biochemistry

~70 questionsMedium priority

Biochemistry covers the molecular and metabolic basis of physiology relevant to O&G. Approximately 70 questions, with particular emphasis on enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, steroid hormone biochemistry and cell signalling. This subject overlaps significantly with Physiology and Endocrinology.

Topics Covered

Enzymes & Metabolism

  • Enzyme kinetics — Km, Vmax, Michaelis-Menten curve, competitive vs non-competitive inhibition
  • Glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
  • Fatty acid oxidation and synthesis
  • Amino acid metabolism and urea cycle
  • Glycogen metabolism — glycogenolysis, glycogenesis

Steroid Hormone Biochemistry

  • Steroidogenesis — cholesterol → pregnenolone → progesterone → oestrogen pathway
  • Enzymes in steroidogenesis: P450 aromatase (CYP19), 17α-hydroxylase, 3β-HSD
  • Adrenal steroidogenesis — cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia — 21-hydroxylase deficiency (most common)

Cell Signalling

  • G-protein coupled receptors — cAMP/PKA, IP3/DAG pathways
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases — insulin receptor, growth factor signalling
  • Nuclear receptors — steroid hormones, thyroid hormone (direct DNA binding)
  • Second messengers — cAMP, cGMP, calcium/calmodulin

Molecular Biology

  • DNA replication — DNA polymerase, leading and lagging strands
  • Transcription and translation — promoters, RNA polymerase, ribosomes
  • Post-translational modification — phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination
  • Protein structure — primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Exam Tips for Biochemistry

1

Steroidogenesis pathway is highly tested — know the enzymes at each step and what deficiency causes what syndrome.

2

21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most tested CAH: salt-wasting, virilisation, elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

3

Enzyme kinetics: Km is the substrate concentration at half Vmax — lower Km means higher affinity.

4

Know the difference between nuclear receptors (steroid hormones — act directly on DNA) vs cell surface receptors.

5

Michaelis-Menten vs Lineweaver-Burk plots — be able to read both and identify inhibitor type.

Recommended Book

Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (relevant chapters) or Lippincott's Biochemistry.

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