MRCOG Part 1: Biochemistry
Biochemistry covers the molecular and metabolic basis of physiology relevant to O&G. Approximately 70 questions, with particular emphasis on enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, steroid hormone biochemistry and cell signalling. This subject overlaps significantly with Physiology and Endocrinology.
Topics Covered
Enzymes & Metabolism
- ›Enzyme kinetics — Km, Vmax, Michaelis-Menten curve, competitive vs non-competitive inhibition
- ›Glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
- ›Fatty acid oxidation and synthesis
- ›Amino acid metabolism and urea cycle
- ›Glycogen metabolism — glycogenolysis, glycogenesis
Steroid Hormone Biochemistry
- ›Steroidogenesis — cholesterol → pregnenolone → progesterone → oestrogen pathway
- ›Enzymes in steroidogenesis: P450 aromatase (CYP19), 17α-hydroxylase, 3β-HSD
- ›Adrenal steroidogenesis — cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA
- ›Congenital adrenal hyperplasia — 21-hydroxylase deficiency (most common)
Cell Signalling
- ›G-protein coupled receptors — cAMP/PKA, IP3/DAG pathways
- ›Receptor tyrosine kinases — insulin receptor, growth factor signalling
- ›Nuclear receptors — steroid hormones, thyroid hormone (direct DNA binding)
- ›Second messengers — cAMP, cGMP, calcium/calmodulin
Molecular Biology
- ›DNA replication — DNA polymerase, leading and lagging strands
- ›Transcription and translation — promoters, RNA polymerase, ribosomes
- ›Post-translational modification — phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination
- ›Protein structure — primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Exam Tips for Biochemistry
Steroidogenesis pathway is highly tested — know the enzymes at each step and what deficiency causes what syndrome.
21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most tested CAH: salt-wasting, virilisation, elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
Enzyme kinetics: Km is the substrate concentration at half Vmax — lower Km means higher affinity.
Know the difference between nuclear receptors (steroid hormones — act directly on DNA) vs cell surface receptors.
Michaelis-Menten vs Lineweaver-Burk plots — be able to read both and identify inhibitor type.
Recommended Book
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