MRCOG Part 1 Subject Guide

MRCOG Part 1: Biophysics

~40 questionsLower priority

Biophysics is one of the lower-weighting subjects with approximately 40 questions. It covers the physical principles underlying imaging and clinical measurement techniques used in obstetrics and gynaecology, particularly ultrasound physics.

Topics Covered

Ultrasound Physics

  • Sound wave properties — frequency, wavelength, speed (1,540 m/s in soft tissue)
  • Piezoelectric effect — how transducers generate and detect ultrasound
  • Acoustic impedance and reflection — difference between tissues determines image contrast
  • Resolution — axial vs lateral resolution; higher frequency = better resolution but less penetration
  • Doppler ultrasound — continuous wave vs pulsed wave, colour Doppler
  • Artefacts — shadowing, enhancement, reverberation, aliasing in colour Doppler
  • Safety — thermal and mechanical (cavitation) effects; ALARA principle

Radiation Biology

  • Ionising vs non-ionising radiation
  • X-ray production and interactions — photoelectric effect, Compton scattering
  • Radiation dose — Gray (absorbed dose), Sievert (effective dose, accounts for tissue sensitivity)
  • Fetal radiation sensitivity — organogenesis period most sensitive
  • Radiation protection — time, distance, shielding; inverse square law

Clinical Measurement

  • Blood pressure measurement — Korotkoff sounds, errors in measurement
  • Pulse oximetry — principle (differential absorption of oxyhaemoglobin vs deoxyhaemoglobin)
  • CTG interpretation — principles of fetal heart rate monitoring
  • Measurement error — systematic vs random error, precision vs accuracy
  • SI units — key units for clinical measurements in O&G

Exam Tips for Biophysics

1

Ultrasound frequency vs penetration trade-off is the most tested biophysics concept: higher frequency = better resolution but less penetration.

2

Know the ultrasound speed in soft tissue (1,540 m/s) — this is used to calculate distance from echo return time.

3

Radiation dose units: Gray = absorbed dose (energy per kg); Sievert = effective dose (accounts for biological effect of radiation type and tissue sensitivity).

4

Pulse oximetry principle: oxyhaemoglobin absorbs more infrared light; deoxyhaemoglobin absorbs more red light.

5

This is a scoring subject — the same concepts appear repeatedly. Learn them once.

Recommended Book

Physics for Medical Imaging (Farr & Allisy-Roberts) or ultrasound physics textbooks used in radiology.

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