MRCOG Part 1: Embryology
Embryology covers the development of the embryo and fetus from fertilisation through organogenesis. Approximately 45 questions, with particular focus on early development, placentation, and the developmental origins of congenital anomalies.
Topics Covered
Early Development
- ›Gametogenesis — spermatogenesis (continuous), oogenesis (arrested at meiosis I until ovulation)
- ›Fertilisation — site (ampulla), acrosome reaction, cortical reaction (block to polyspermy)
- ›Cleavage and compaction — morula, blastocyst formation
- ›Implantation — day 6–7, trophoblast invasion, decidualisation
- ›Bilaminar and trilaminar disc formation — gastrulation
Organogenesis
- ›Neural tube closure — day 22–28, failure causes NTD (spina bifida, anencephaly)
- ›Heart development — cardiac looping, atrial and ventricular septation
- ›Gut development — foregut, midgut, hindgut derivatives
- ›Renal development — pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros (permanent kidney)
- ›Critical periods — each organ has a critical window of teratogen vulnerability
Placentation
- ›Trophoblast differentiation — cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, extravillous trophoblast
- ›Placental development — villous types (stem, intermediate, terminal)
- ›Uteroplacental blood flow — spiral artery remodelling by extravillous trophoblast
- ›Placental transfer — oxygen/CO2 (simple diffusion), glucose (facilitated), IgG (active)
- ›Amniotic fluid — fetal urine main source after 16 weeks; oligohydramnios vs polyhydramnios
Exam Tips for Embryology
Timing of neural tube closure (days 22–28) is a classic exam question — folate supplementation reduces NTD risk.
Oogenesis arrested at prophase of meiosis I until LH surge — this is tested as a comparison with spermatogenesis.
Placental transfer mechanisms are very high-yield: oxygen and CO2 by simple diffusion, glucose by facilitated diffusion, IgG by active transport (FcRn receptor).
Spiral artery remodelling failure is the basis of pre-eclampsia — connect embryology to clinical O&G.
Know the derivatives of each germ layer (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) — the MRCOG tests these specifically.
Recommended Book
Practice Embryology questions now
AceMRCOG has 45 Embryology SBA questions with detailed explanations. Start with 50 questions free — no credit card needed.
Start Free →